Enfermedad de Charcot de pie y tobillo en pacientes con diabetes mellitus: análisis de las causas de re consultas en una unidad de pie diabético hospitalaria / Charcot´s disease of the foot and ankle in diabetic patients: analysis of the reasons for re admission at the hospital diabetic unity / Neuroartropatía de Charcot do pé e tornozelo em pacientes com diabetes mellitus: análise das causas das novas consultas em uma unidade de pés diabéticos do hospital

La neuroartropatia de Charcot es una complicación devastadora para los pacientes diabéticos, generando deformidades osteoarticulares con riesgo de ulceración, infección y amputación de miembros inferiores. El objetivo fue analizar en una población de pacientes diabéticos con secuela de neuroartropatía de Charcot, el motivo de re consulta y los tratamientos a los que fueron sometidos. El mismo se realizó en forma retrospectiva mediante observación de historias clínicas y estudios radiológicos de 22 pacientes tratados entre 2014 y 2018 en el Hospital Policial de Montevideo - Uruguay, con un tiempo de evolución mínimo de un año al momento de la revisión. Se contó con la aprobación del Comité de Ética de dicho hospital habiéndose completado un formulario con datos demográficos, tratamiento inicial, causas de las re consultas y tratamientos secundarios. Si bien al inicio de la enfermedad se siguieron los protocolos de tratamiento con alto nivel de recomendación, se observaron en las re consultas elevados porcentajes de re ulceración y necesidad de cirugías complementarias (59%). Se vinculan los resultados a la falta de categorización de paciente de riesgo para lograr seguimiento y captación precoz. El categorizar al paciente de riesgo permite establecer estrategias de educación y de tratamientos tendientes a disminuir porcentajes de nuevas lesiones que lleven a la necesidad de tratamientos secundarios o amputaciones.

One of the most devastating complications within diabetic patients is Diabetic Charcot neuroarthropathy. It can lead to osteoarticular deformities, with risk of ulceration, infection or even lower limb amputation. In this paper, a population of diabetic patients with Charcot neuroarthropathy sequelae was studied. Data was analyzed on the reasons for the patients re consultation, the treatments they were subjected to and the obtained results. The study was conducted retrospectively by the examination of medical records from 22 patients that were treated between 2014 and 2018, with a follow-up of at least a year, at the Hospital Policial in Montevideo, Uruguay. Furthermore, it had the hospital's Ethics Committee approval. The data analysis was conducted by the completion of a form including demographic data, initial treatment, reasons for re consultation and secondary treatments. According to the findings, even though highly recommended protocols were followed at the onset of the disease, high percentage of ulceration and complementary surgeries were observed (59%) within the patient's data. The results are linked to the lack of risk patient´s categorization in order to achieve early uptake. Categorizing the patient at risk makes it possible to establish health education and treatment strategies aimed at reducing percentages of new injuries that lead to the need for secondary treatments or amputations.

A neuroartropatia de Charcot é uma complicação devastadora para os pacientes com diabetes, gerando deformidades osteoarticulares residuais com risco de úlceras, infecção e amputação maior dos membros inferiores. O objetivo foi analisar em uma população de pacientes diabéticos com sequelas da neuroartropatia de Charcot, o motivo da nova consulta e os tratamentos a que foram submetidos, bem como os resultados obtidos. Foi realizado retrospectivamente por meio de observação de histórias clinicas e estudos radiológicos de 22 pacientes atendidos no periodo de 2014 a 2018 no Hospital da Polícia de Montevidéu - Uruguai, com tempo de evolução mínimo de um ano na época da revisão. Foi aprovado pelo Comité de Ética do referido hospital, tendo sido preenchido um formulário com dados demográficos, tratamento inicial, causas das novas consultas e tratamentos secundários. Embora protocolos de tratamento com alto nível de recomendação tenham sido seguidos no início da doença, elevados percentuais de re ulcerações e cirurgias complementares (59%) foram observados nas novas consultas. Os resultados estão ligados à falta de categorização dos pacientes de risco para obter captação precoces A categorização do paciente de risco permite estabelecer estratégias de educação e tratamento com o objetivo de reduzir os percentuais de novas lesões que levam à necessidade de tratamentos secundários ou amputações.

Neuroartropatia de Charcot secundária à siringomielia: relato de caso / Charcot neuroarthropathy by syringomyelia: case report

A neuroartropatia de Charcot é uma das complicações da siringomielia, podendo ocasionar deformidades osteoarticulares e incapacidade funcional, com comprometimento das atividades da vida diária. Relatamos um caso de paciente com neuroartropatia de Charcot do ombro associada a siringomielia e malformação de Arnold-Chiari tipo I, acompanhado no Instituto Nacional de Traumatologia e Orto-pedia do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.

Charcot neuroartropathy is one of the complications of syringomyelia and can lead to joint deformity and disability, affecting patients in activities of daily living. We report a case of a patient with shoulder Charcot neuroarthropathy associated with syringomyelia and Arnold-Chiari malformation type I, from the National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.

Risk factors for Charcot foot

Objective Diabetes mellitus is the main cause of Charcot neuroarthropathy and is clinically classified as follows: Charcot foot, acute Charcot foot (ACF) when there is inflammation, and inactive Charcot foot when inflammatory signs are absent. The aim of this study was to identify the risk factors for ACF in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Materials and methods A matched case-control study was conducted to assess the factors associated with acute Charcot foot from February 2000 until September 2012. Four controls for each case were selected 47 cases of ACF and 188 controls without ACF were included. Cases and controls were matched by year of initialization of treatment. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate matched odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).Results In multivariate analysis, patients having less than 55 years of age (adjusted OR = 4.10, 95% CI = 1.69 – 9.94), literate education age (adjusted OR = 3.73, 95% CI = 1.40 – 9.92), living alone (adjusted OR = 5.84, 95% CI = 1.49 – 22.86), previous ulceration (adjusted OR = 4.84, 95% CI = 1.62 – 14.51) were at increased risk of ACF. However, peripheral arterial disease (adjusted OR = 0.16, 95% CI = 0.05 – 0.52) of 6.25 (1.92 – 20.0) was a protective factor.Discussion The results suggest that PCA in type 2 diabetes primarily affects patients under 55 who live alone, are literate, and have a prior history of ulcers, and that peripheral arterial disease is a protective factor. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2015;59(3):226-30.

Articulación neuropática de Charcot en un niño / Articulation neuropathique de Charcot chez un enfant / Charcot neuropathic arthopathy in a child

La artropatía neuropática de Charcot es muy rara en niños. Este trabajo tiene como propósito fundamental presentar el tratamiento seguido en un infante con esta enfermedad. Se presenta un escolar masculino de seis años de edad y raza negra, procedente de La Habana que es traído al Complejo Científico Ortopédico Internacional Frank País por presentar aumento de volumen y deformidad del tobillo y el pie izquierdo de más de seis meses de evolución. Se muestran los hallazgos de laboratorio clínico (todos dentro de valores normales) e imagenológicos (radiografías, tomografía axial computarizada y gammagrafía ósea), así como el tratamiento impuesto (conservador y quirúrgico). Seis meses posteriores al diagnóstico se logró la remodelación del tobillo y la curación de las úlceras del pie izquierdo. Pero un año más tarde, apareció un cuadro similar en el derecho tras un trauma escolar. El caso presentado, inusual por la edad del paciente al momento del diagnóstico, nos demuestra lo difícil y complejo que resulta el tratamiento de la artropatía neuropática de Charcot y la necesidad de su seguimiento continuo y activo(AU)

Charcot neuropathic arthropathy is very rare in children. The present paper is mainly aimed at presenting the treatment applied to a child suffering from this disease. A black six-year-old school boy is brought to Frank País International Scientific Orthopedic Complex with enlargement and deformity of his left ankle and foot of more than six months' evolution. Clinical laboratory results (all within normal ranges) and imaging findings (radiography, computerized axial tomography and bone scintigraphy) are provided. The treatment indicated (conservative and surgical) is described. Six months after diagnosis the ankle had been remodeled and the ulcers on the left foot had healed. However, a year later a similar situation presented, now on the right foot, as a result of a trauma in school. The case presented, unusual as it is due to the patient's age at diagnosis, illustrates the difficulty and complexity of the treatment of Charcot neuropathic arthropathy, and the need for permanent, active follow-up(AU)

L'arthropathie neurogène de Charcot est une affection très rare chez les enfants. Le but de ce travail est de présenter le traitement de la neuro-arthropathie de Charcot chez un enfant. Un écolier âgé de 6 ans et de la race noire, provenant de La Havane, est vu en consultation au Centre scientifique orthopédique international Frank Pais , dû à une augmentation du volume et une difformité de sa cheville et son pied gauches avec plus de six mois d'évolution. Les résultat du laboratoire clinique (en normalité) et d'imagerie (radiographies, tomographie axiale informatisée et gammagraphie osseuse), ainsi que le traitement indiqué (conservateur et chirurgical), sont montrés. Six mois après le diagnostic, le remodelage de la cheville et la guérison des ulcères du pied gauche sont réussis. Un an après un tableau similaire apparaît, mais au pied droit. Le cas présenté, peu fréquent chez un enfant, nous montre combien le traitement de l'arthropathie neurogène est difficile et complexe, et combien un suivi continue et actif est nécessaire dans ces cas(AU)

Osteoartropatia neurotrófica: ensaio iconográfico / Neuropathic osteoarthropathy: iconographic essay

A osteoartropatia neurotrófica caracteriza-se por uma artropatia crônica destrutiva, não-infecciosa, que se desenvolve em pacientes com alguma forma de perda da propriocepção ou da sensibilidade à dor, sendo o diabetes mellitus a causa mais freqüente no mundo contemporâneo. O quadro radiográfico clássico é o de fragmentação óssea, osteofitose, derrame e instabilidade articular, com densidade óssea preservada. Embora a radiologia convencional seja o método de imagem mais utilizado na avaliação da osteoartropatia neurotrófica, a tomografia computadorizada, a ressonância magnética e a medicina nuclear são importantes no estudo de casos complexos, especialmente quando a possibilidade de infecção for considerada. Neste artigo, as principais etio-logias da osteoartropatia neurotrófica e o papel dos métodos de imagem são abordados sob a forma de um ensaio iconográfico.

Complicaciones tardías en el lesionado medular / Late complications in the medullar wounded

Durante las últimas décadas, la sobrevida de los lesionados medulares ha registrado una marcada y continua prolongación. Debido a este hecho, el número de pacientes con lesión medular que llegan a edades avanzadas, ha presentado un importante incremento también. Sin embargo, el aumento de las expectativas de vida de estos pacientes ha traído consigo una mayor incidencia de complicaciones tardías, que progresivamente comienzan a adquirir mayor relevancia durante la evolución posterior a la injuria medular, dado que implican mayor discapacidad para el afectado. Los autores de este trabajo analizan las principales complicaciones tardías de los lesionados medulares, correspondientes a las que afectan a los sistemas nervioso, músculo-esquelético y gastrointestinal

Charcot joint in a diabetic patient: an overlooked diagnosis

Charcot joint is a destructive bone and joint disorder of the foot associated with decreased sensory innervation of the involved joint, usually ending in a state of disability and amputation. In the past, tabes dorsalis was the most common cause However, with the increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus, diabetes is now believed to be the most common cause of charcot joint. It was believed that charcot joint is rare in diabetic patieits; this could be true for the advanced stage but charcot joint is common in the early stage; however, it is usually overlooked or misdiagnosed. Diagnosis of early charcot joint requires a high index of suspicion in a neuropathic diabetic foot with a history of trauma supported by the radiological findings. Treatment is difficult and far from satisfactory in the advanced stage but if applied early it may reduce its disabling consequences. This review article describes the etiology, pathophysiology, clinical and radiological features, and treatment of charcot joint and demonstrates that a better understanding of the charcot process offers new hope for preventing the progression of this distressing diabetic complication. Therefore it is important to emphasize that early recognition and treatment of charcot joint in a diabetic patient by the physician is necessary to avoid this disabling complication and its consequences

Manifestaciones osteoarticulares en ETS / Joint and bone manifestations in ETS

Se presentan dos casos de enfermedades Transmisibles Sexualmente con compromiso óseo: artritis gonocócica carpometacarpiana bilateral y artropatía de Charcot de rodilla derecha